October 5, 2026
Bonus Content: Delfin’s 17.6% Stake Just Made the Monte dei Paschi Vote a Done Deal
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Same twenty-six years. Same two dot-com and 2008 collapses. Two very different lines on the chart.1,2 Most Americans have never seen them put side by side – and almost nobody was told they are allowed to hold the better-performing one inside a retirement account.
Two lines on the same chart
In December 1999 gold traded near $290 an ounce and the S&P 500 closed the year at 1,469. Since then gold has multiplied roughly fifteen times over. The S&P has multiplied about five.1,2
Be fair about the comparison: that S&P figure is the price index and does not include reinvested dividends, which would lift it meaningfully.2 Even allowing for that, the gap over a quarter century is not a rounding error.
The reason has less to do with gold than with the dollar. Over those same twenty-six years the money supply expanded, two crises were met with emergency printing, and the national debt crossed $40 trillion. Gold did not get more valuable so much as dollars got less so – and gold is the one asset that cannot be issued by anybody.
Right now gold sits below its January 2026 peak while the world’s central banks keep adding more than a thousand tons a year, and published bank targets still run from roughly $4,900 to $6,300.3,4 Those are opinions, not promises. But a quiet stretch is a better time to read up than a panic. Get the free 2026 Gold IRA Guide.
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Sources
1 LBMA gold price, 31 December 1999 ($290.25/oz) to September 2026. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
2 S&P 500 price index, 1,469.25 close on 31 December 1999 to 7,707 in September 2026 – a price-only comparison that excludes reinvested dividends, which would raise the S&P figure materially.
3 Published year-end gold price forecasts as reported 2026: Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, UBS and Bank of America, spanning roughly $4,900–$6,300/oz. Analyst forecasts are opinions, not guarantees.
4 World Gold Council, Gold Demand Trends, annual central bank net purchases 2022-2024.
Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Precious metals are volatile and can decline in value. This comparison is historical and is not a prediction or a recommendation to buy or sell any asset.
Delfin’s 17.6% Stake Just Made the Monte dei Paschi Vote a Done Deal
The question in Italy’s biggest banking contest was never whether Intesa Sanpaolo’s bid for Monte dei Paschi was well-priced. It was whether the shareholder base would hold together long enough to stop MPS CEO Luigi Lovaglio from building an escape route. That question was effectively answered over the weekend.
The Big Question
Intesa Sanpaolo said its sweetened offer for Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena has won the backing of the bank’s biggest shareholder, Delfin Sarl, bringing it a step closer to victory in the Italian takeover battle. The strategic significance runs well beyond one deal. This is the live test of whether European bank consolidation, after decades of cross-border ambition that went nowhere, gets done inside national markets first.
What Changed Over 48 Hours
Italy’s Intesa Sanpaolo raised its takeover offer for Monte dei Paschi di Siena on Saturday, saying it would pay shareholders a further €800 million in cash if they reject MPS’s counter plan. Intesa is now offering €1.25 in cash for each MPS share, up from €1 previously, plus 1.6 new Intesa Sanpaolo shares. The extra cash is conditional, not guaranteed. If MPS shareholders approve any of the defensive items on the October 29 agenda, Intesa has said it would have the right to drop its own bid.
That is the architecture of a pressure campaign, not a standard sweetener. Intesa forced every shareholder into a binary: take the improved cash or back Lovaglio and watch the offer disappear.
The board of Delfin, the holding company for Italy’s Del Vecchio family, will support Intesa’s tender offer with its 17.6% stake in Paschi. Delfin holds 534.68 million MPS shares, all of which are covered by the undertaking, and it has also committed to attend MPS’s shareholder meeting and vote in line with the terms of Intesa’s offer.
The Bear Case: Lovaglio Still Has a Path
MPS Chief Executive Luigi Lovaglio’s plan involves two separate share-based takeover offers: one for asset manager Banca Generali and the other for rival bank Banco BPM. Under Italian takeover rules, at least two-thirds of MPS shareholders present will have to clear the plan in a vote scheduled for October 29. That threshold is demanding, but the arithmetic is not yet impossible.
With Delfin now siding with Intesa, Lovaglio must rally a wide base of investors to reach a two-thirds vote, the threshold needed for his proposals to survive. The path is narrow but depends on who else shows up.
What Investors Are Missing: The Caltagirone Variable
Most coverage has focused on Delfin. The overlooked number is Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone. Italy’s Treasury still owns 4.86% of Monte Paschi and Italian press reports say Caltagirone, who holds roughly 10% of the bank, opposes combining the Siena lender with Banco BPM. If that reporting is accurate, Lovaglio cannot reach two-thirds. He would need nearly every remaining free float share to move in his direction.
The revised terms represent Intesa’s latest attempt to persuade MPS investors to back its share-and-cash takeover, which was announced in June. The broader point is that Intesa CEO Carlo Messina has framed MPS not as an end in itself but as a domestic foundation for European scale. In a Bloomberg TV interview in June, he described the deal as a starting point to look at consolidation in Europe from a position of strength.
Stocks to Watch
- Intesa Sanpaolo (ISP.MI): The additional cash lifts Intesa’s cash component by 25% to €3.8 billion, although the overall value of the offer has increased by only 2.3%, based on MPS’s closing share price on Friday. The cost of winning is manageable; the strategic gain from absorbing the world’s oldest bank is not priced into a 2.3% move.
- Monte dei Paschi (BMPS): Intesa has turned the October 29 vote into a fork in the road: approve Lovaglio’s acquisitions and Intesa’s offer goes away, or reject them and keep Intesa’s proposal alive with a richer cash component. BMPS trades on that binary until the vote is settled.
- Banco BPM: A Lovaglio defeat removes MPS as a potential acquirer, leaving Banco BPM’s own consolidation story intact and UniCredit’s long-standing interest in it potentially more relevant.
- Banca Generali: Also drops off Lovaglio’s target list if October 29 goes Intesa’s way, which removes a deal-premium overhang and returns it to a pure wealth management valuation.
Intesa is awaiting European Central Bank and antitrust approvals for its bid, with the tender offer expected to begin only after MPS shareholders vote on its defence plan. Regulatory clearance is the next hurdle, but the vote on October 29 is the one that matters to everyone watching Italian banking right now.
